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Type 304 and 304 L Stainless Steel
304 Stainless Steel (SS) is an austenitic stainless steel with Face Centered Cubic (F.C.C.) atomic structure which provides numerous planes for the movement of dislocations. This inherent property, combined with the low level of interstitial elements (elements which lack the dislocation chain), gives this material high ductility, low yield stress and relatively high ultimate tensile strength.
As steel is heated above critical temperature (approx. 1335 F) it undergoes a phase change, recrystallizing as austenite. Continued heating to approx. 1450 – 1500F assures complete conversion to austenite. The high chrome and nickel content of austenitic stainless steel suppresses the transformation on cooling to a ferrite/cementite, keeping the material fully austenite, as well as rendering it essentially non-magnetic in the annealed condition. This gives austenitic stainless steels excellent cryogenic properties, good high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Excellent corrosion resistance, non-magnetic properties and exceptionally high toughness at all temperatures make these steels suitable for a wide variety of applications.
Physical Properties of 304 SS Wafers and Foils
| Density: |
7.90 g/cu cm |
0.285 lbs/cu in |
| Melting Point: |
1.399 – 1421 C |
2550 – 2590 F |
| Specific Gravity: |
7.90 |
|
Electrical Resistivity
| Temperature |
10-6 ohm-cm |
10-6 ohm-in |
| C |
F |
|
|
| 20 |
68 |
72 |
28.3 |
| 100 |
212 |
78 |
30.7 |
| 200 |
392 |
86 |
33.8 |
| 400 |
752 |
100 |
39.4 |
| 600 |
1112 |
111 |
437 |
| 800 |
1472 |
121 |
47.6 |
| 900 |
1652 |
126 |
49.6 |
Thermal Conductivity
| Temperature |
W/mK |
Btu/hr.ft.F |
| C |
F |
|
|
| 100 |
212 |
16.3 |
9.4 |
| 500 |
932 |
21.4 |
12.4 |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
| Temperature |
cm/cm/C 10-6 |
in/in/F 10-6 |
| C |
F |
|
|
| 0-100 |
32-212 |
|
9.6 |
| 0-316 |
32-600 |
|
9.9 |
| 0-538 |
32-1000 |
|
10.2 |
| 0-649 |
32-1200 |
|
10.4 |
Magnetic Permeability
| Percent Cold Work |
304 SS |
304 L SS |
| Annealed |
1.005 |
1.015 |
| 1/4 Hard |
1.009 |
1.064 |
| 1/2 Hard |
1.163 |
3.235 |
| Full Hard |
2.291 |
8.480 |
Hardness, Max.
| Property |
304 SS |
304 L SS |
| Brinell |
201 |
201 |
| Rb |
92 |
92 |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile and Yield Strength
| Alloy |
Temper |
Tensile Stength Minimum (PSC) |
Yield Strength Minimum 0.2% offset |
| 304 |
Annealed |
75,000 |
30,000 |
| 304 |
1/4 Hard |
125,000 |
75,000 |
| 304 |
1/2 Hard |
150,000 |
110,000 |
| 304 |
Full Hard |
185,000 |
140,000 |
Modulus of Elasticity, Annealed: 29,000 KSI
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Type 304 Stainless Steel Chemnistry % by Weight
| C 0.08% Max. |
Mn 20% Max. |
P 0.045% |
| Cu 0.75% Max |
Mo 0.75% Max. |
S 0.05% |
| Cr 18-20% |
N 0.10% Max. |
Si 1.00% Max. |
| Fe Balance |
Ni 8-10.5% Max. |
|
Carbon Content
| Grade |
Typical Carbon Content |
| 304 L |
Low Carbon 0.03% Max. |
| 304 |
Medium Carbon 0.08% Max. |
| 304 H |
High Carbon 0.10% Max. |
The lower carbon in Type 304 L has lower corrosion rate than the higher carbon type 304 alloy when exposed to formic acid, sulfuric acid and Sodium Hydroxide.
Other related web pages:
Stainless Steel Surface Finish Data
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